The Right2Know Campaign
aims to ensure everyone living in South Africa is free to access and
to share information. This vision will never be realised without a strong,
critical, well-funded media sector, that is free from government and corporate
control.
Thursday 3 May 2012 –
the 19th commendation of the United Nations’ Press Freedom Day – is an
opportunity to reflect on the ongoing struggle to realise that vision.
Despite savage
cost-cutting in the newsroom that has left fewer journalists carrying a greater
workload and greatly strengthened the hand of spin doctors in the public and
private sector, critical investigative journalism continues to exist in South Africa. A
broad popular coalition has mobilised against legislative threats such as the
Secrecy Bill, and the judiciary holds strong against attacks on journalistic
independence.
Yet we cannot claim to
live in a society in which the right to access and share information through
the media is realised by all.
Media are a public good
– a constitutional right that is the key to the realisation and defence of
other rights. If media consumption and production opportunities remain in the grip
of monopolies, they will continue to be enjoyed disproportionately by the
economically powerful. In a country with such high levels of poverty,
unemployment and inequality, appropriate interventions may be necessary to
counter market forces that contribute to this phenomenon. We should not have to
choose between media are beholden to political interests and media that are
beholden to corporate interests. We need more media, not less; more voices, not
fewer.
Print Media
Media freedom and
diversity are two sides of the same coin. Without media freedom the media would
become the voice of the government, without a diversity of ownership and
economic models (non-commercial and commercial) the media would be the voice of
an economic elite.
In recent years the print
media has come under attack from elements of the ruling party wanting to
introduce statutory regulation via a Media Appeals Tribunal accountable to
Parliament. In this context the Right2Know Campaign welcomes the final report
released by the Press Freedom Commission (PFC) on 25 April 2012.
While many of the
details need to be debated further, the PFC recommendations may help strengthen
our non-statutory regulatory system. We hope that the ANC General Secretary’s
initial welcoming of the PFC recommendations is a sign that the ruling party
will abandon its call for statutory regulation of the print media.
The Right2Know was also
glad that the Press Freedom Commission acknowledged that the issue of “media
transformation” (including ownership, content, and staffing) needs to be
addressed to ensure print media credibility. The PFC’s recommendations include
considerations for content diversification, skills development and training, a
media charter and support for community newspapers.
In this regard the
Right2Know Campaign will be engaging Parliament’s ongoing Media Transformation
Indaba aimed at addressing the state of transformation in the media, including
the high concentration of ownership in the commercial media. We will continue
to argue that the definition of transformation must move beyond race and gender
profiles in ownership. Transformation must ensure that the media reflect
society (including working-class communities) at the levels of ownership, staff
and product.
Television and Radio
While
major strides have been made since 1994 in terms of the transformation of
broadcasting – we now have a three-tier broadcasting system consisting of
public, community and commercial media – significant work still needs to be
done. The public media tier (the SABC) has been rocked by governance and
financial crises since late 2007. The community media sector has been plagued
by governance problems and systemic under-funding. The commercial media sector
is dominated by a few major players, making it difficult for new players to
enter the market. Our once vigilant regulator, the Independent Communications
Regulator of South Africa (ICASA), has failed to regulate and monitor
broadcasters’ license conditions, and allowed our public broadcaster in the
main to serve up a diet of repeats and cheap foreign content
Given these challenges
we welcome the Department of Communications ICT policy review process, which
includes a broadcasting policy review. The review includes a Green Paper /
White Paper process leading to the tabling of new legislation. We believe that
it is both urgent and important to craft a new ICT vision for the country that
prioritises vibrant, diverse, citizen-empowering local content.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)
The internet and
digital technologies are changing the way media is produced and consumed. In
the past decade South Africa
has enjoyed blossoming mobile phone networks and Internet access, creating new
opportunities to produce and share knowledge, new mechanisms for exercising the
right to know.
However, there are a
number of limitations and threats to the democratising potential of these
technologies. Most notably we have an effective duopoly of mobile phone
companies, whose profiteering make mobile internet access too expensive for the
majority of people who use prepaid airtime and data. A system of differentiated
airtime and data costs have created a situation of upward redistribution, in
that poor users cross subsidise rich users.
We are encouraged by
the recently published ANC discussion document on communications that call for
a National ICT Policy to “define ICTs as a basic utility, similar to water and
electricity.” The Right2Know is committed to campaigning for free basic and
affordable airtime and data ensuring that phone penetration does not merely
create a mirage of connectivity, but rather enables ordinary South Africans to
become producers and consumers of media on more equal terms.
As with broadcasting,
much will depend on the ability of the Ministry of Communications to introduce
a transformative policy and ICASA to establish the independence to regulate
such a policy.
For further comment contact:
R2K Media Freedom & Media Diversity
spokesperson:
Dr Julie
Reid: 012 429 6824, reidjbj@unisa.ac.za